Fireball characteristics derivable from acoustic data

Near field acoustical signals from fireballs (ranges < 200 km), when detected by dense ground networks, may be used to estimate the orientation of trajectory a fireball (Pujol et al., 2005) as well fragmentation locations (Kalenda 2014; Edwards and Hildebrand, 2004). Distinguishing ballistic arrivals (from cylindrical shock fireball) generated (quasi-spherical sources) remains challenge, but are obtainable through analysis acoustic path timing observed at instruments. Here we describe an integrated computer code, termed Bolide Acoustic Modelling program or BAM, trajectories energetics. We develop new methodology for measuring energy release bolide episodes solely measurements incorporate this into BAM. also explore sensitivity seismo-acoustic solutions estimates uncertainty in underlying atmospheric model. Applying BAM Stubenberg meteorite producing fireball, find total approximately 5×1010 J which compares favorably optical 4.36×1010 J. The combined event data was found 1.47−0.12+0.28×1010 J, roughly one third energy. show that velocities alone is very challenging possible slow, deeply penetrating with shallow entry angles occurring over seismic/infrasound networks.